Fred Sutherland the last surviving Canadian “Dambuster” of 617 Squadron, who died in January 2019 aged 95, was a grandson of James Sutherland of Breakachie, Knockarthur, Rogart.
Rogart connection
Nicol Manson has researched Fred’s family history, from his ancestor’s earliest days in Rogart.
James Sutherland’s (Fred’s grandfather) had parents Alexander and Catherine Sutherland (nee Murray) – both died very young in about 1841 and 1843. The 1841 census shows the family, Alexander 30, Catherine 30, Euphemia 7, Robert 4, James 1, and Christina, 40.
The 1851 Census has Effy head of the family aged 17, at Knockarthur, a Lotter of 18 acres, with Robert 14, James 11, William 9, and Margaret Murray aged 22.
On 22nd of March 1871 James Sutherland from Knockarthur, Rogart married in Perth, Ontario to Elizabeth Ann Hamilton who was born in Stratford Ontario on 13th August 1852. James and Elizabeth went on to have ten children. James died in Toronto on the 4th of December 1918 aged 79 andElizabeth died on the 8th of June 1926 at the age of 73.
Frederick Henry Sutherland was the ninth child born to James Sutherland of Knockarthur, Rogart and Elizabeth Sutherland (nee Hamilton) on 23rd July 1891 at North Easthope, Perth County, Ontario, Canada. He homesteaded at Peace River, Alberta in 1913. In 1915 he graduated from the University of Toronto. Dr. Sutherland served in WW1 as a Physician and returned to Peace River in 1919.
On the 6th of December, 1920, in Edmonton, Alberta, he married Clara C. Richards a Nurse, and went on to have three children. He became Mayor of Peace River for 16 years, practising medicine until his death on the 30th of September 1963.
Frederick Edwin Sutherland was a son of Dr. Frederick Sutherland and Clara C. Richards.
Dambuster
Fred Sutherland died on Monday 21 January, 2019, at the age of 95. He was one of the only two survivors of the men who flew on the “Dambusters” Raid in May 1943. Sutherland was the front gunner in the aircraft piloted by Les Knight, which dropped the ‘bouncing bomb’ which broke the Eder Dam.
Frederick Edwin Sutherland was born in Peace River, Alberta, Canada on 26 February 1923, the only boy in a family of the three children of Dr Frederick Henry Sutherland and his wife, Clara. His father was a doctor and his mother was a nurse. From a young age, he had wanted to fly and had dreams of becoming a bush pilot, but the war put paid to that, so he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1941, as soon as he turned 18. After initial training he volunteered for air gunner duties.
He arrived in England in 1942, and crewed up with pilot Les Knight and his future colleagues at a training unit before they were all posted to 50 Squadron in September of that year. He flew on 25 operations with Knight before the whole crew volunteered to transfer to the new 617 Squadron in March 1943. Sutherland was normally the mid-upper gunner but the special Lancasters used on the raid had this turret removed, so he was transferred to the front turret positioned immediately above the bomb aimer.
All the crews undertook intensive trying for about six weeks but, like most of the squadron, Sutherland had no idea what the target was to be until he walked into the briefing room hours before take off on 16 May 1943. When he saw the scale model of the Möhne Dam, the first thing he noticed were the 20-millimetre gun posts at either end of the dam. ‘I immediately thought we didn’t have a hope,’ he said recently.
In the event, Knight’s aircraft was not needed at the Möhne. After this was breached the crew moved on to the Eder, and Sutherland realised how difficult the attack was going to be:
‘We were all afraid of the hill. We had to drop the bomb at the right distance and the right height, and then to make it [Les] had to push the throttles right through the gate, which is not supposed to be done… I didn’t see anything when the bomb went off because I was in the nose, but I heard the rear gunner saying ‘it’s gone, it’s gone’.’
After the raid, Les Knight, Sidney Hobday and Johnny Johnson were decorated. Knight was embarrassed that the whole crew had not been rewarded, Sutherland recalled. ‘He felt badly that half the crew got decorated, the other half didn’t. He said you know I’m wearing the DSO for all you guys, you all did something for it.’
Dortmund Ems canal
The next operation the crew flew on was the fateful raid on the Dortmund Ems canal in September 1943. Knight’s crew were in the lead section of four aircraft led by the new squadron CO, George Holden, who had taken over from Guy Gibson a month previously. As they flew over the small town of Nordhorn in Holland, Holden was hit by flak, and his aircraft exploded. On board were four of Gibson’s Dams Raid crew, including fellow Canadians, Terry Taerum and George Deering. Sutherland in the front turret saw everything:
It was so close I could almost reach out and touch it. Your friends are getting killed and you are scared as hell but you can’t let it bother you because if you did, you could never do your job. All you can do is think, ‘Thank God it wasn’t us.’
Hours later, Sutherland was himself on Dutch soil, having parachuted to safety after being ordered by Knight to bale out when his aircraft, flying very low in foggy conditions, hit some trees and was badly damaged. All the seven men in his crew escaped and survived, but unfortunately Knight was killed trying while trying to crash-land in a field outside the village of Den Ham.
After being hidden by a friendly Dutch farmer, Sutherland was put in touch with the underground network, and then met up with his crewmate Sydney Hobday, the navigator. The pair were smuggled all the way through Belgium and France to Spain.
At one point while on a train, using forged documents provided to him by the underground, Sutherland duped a German officer who inspected his fake passport. Suspicious, the officer held the passport up to the light and scrutinized it painstakingly, trying to determine if it was forged. ‘I had to ball up my fists to keep him from seeing how much my hands were shaking,’ he recalled.
Any airman who evaded capture was not allowed to fly over occupied Europe again in case they were captured and gave up the secrets of the underground resistance, so Sutherland was sent on training duties and then in 1943 eventually sent home to Canada.
He spent Christmas on a troopship and on his arrival on home soil set off for Alberta by train. Greeted in Edmonton by his parents and his girlfriend, Margaret Baker, he proposed to Margaret on the platform. A few weeks later Terry Taerum’s mother found out that he had been posted back to Canada, and asked to meet him. She wanted to know whether her son had any chance of escaping the blaze when his aircraft was hit. ‘Telling her about it was the hardest thing I ever had to do,’ he said.
After a spell as an instructor, Sutherland was demobbed from the RCAF in November 1944. He then studied forestry, and got a job with the forestry service. In 1964 he became forestry superintendent in Rocky Mountain House in his home province of Alberta, where he lived until his death. Margaret and he had three children, and they had been married for more than 73 years by the time she died in 2017.
Fred Sutherland used the famous Chemin de la Liberté route in his escape through the Pyrenees, and in 2010, he paid a return visit to the area and met the people who keep the memories of the route alive. Marge and he were both very active until late in their lives, and frequently went on hiking holidays.
Fred was a lovely man – friendly, courteous and generous with his time. He never forgot that he was lucky to have survived the war while many of his comrades did not. He will be much missed by all who knew him, especially his family, to whom we send our deepest condolences.”
Want to find out more?
Charles Foster, who has generously permitted us to reproduce his research and pictures, has written extensively about the Dambusters. In The Complete Dambusters by Charles Foster ISBN: 9780750988087
Text and pictures copyright Charles Foster, Dambusters Blog
Thanks to Nicol Manson for additional material.